Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy for...

The first stage of treatment focuses on obtaining background information from the client. The clinician will often explore past events that are related to the current problem, as well as present situations that trigger the current problem. This is particularly important in finding the origins of the trauma that may be hidden or masked. After all necessary information is gathered, the clinician will take what was learned and translate it into positive future goals for the client to achieve through treatment. Stage two, labeled the preparation phase, consists of the clinician preparing the client for the processing of disturbing memories through various means. A therapeutic relationship between clinician and client is established by educating the client about the problems they are having and by explaining the process of EMDR. In addition, the clinician teaches the client a series of self-calming techniques that help clients maintain â€Å"dual awareness† during the following sta ges. Once a relationship is established and the client has been taught self-calming techniques, the assessment stage begins. During the assessment phase, the clinician helps the client identify the details of the traumatic memory. However, not only is the memory recalled, but the negative cognition that is associated with it, the desired positive cognition that the client wishes to gain, as well as physical and emotional sensation are acknowledged. In addition, the clinician gathers various baselineShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Eye Movement Reprocessing And Desensitization1596 Words   |  7 Pages Lone Star College - CyFair The Effects of Eye Movement Reprocessing and Desensitization in Posttraumatic Stress Victims Kaitlyn Schenk PSYC 2301.5012 Laura Renee October 19, 2016 An estimated 5.2 million adults will suffer from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) every year. Every PTSD victim encounters different experiences and symptoms that coincide with their trauma. Many forms of treatment and coping mechanisms have been attempted in the past decade to produce relief. There haveRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1570 Words   |  7 Pagessuffer from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) every year. Every PTSD victim encounters different experiences and symptoms that coincide with their trauma. Many forms of treatment and coping mechanisms have been attempted in the past decade to produce relief. There have been a few successful forms or treatment and there have also been treatment routes that have been detrimental to the success and overcoming of victims’ symptoms. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a new treatmentRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Ptsd1383 Words   |  6 Pagesmay present as involuntary recurrent fear-based memories, dreams, or flashbacks of the traumatic event that are intrusive and disturbing (DSM-5, 2013). Or PTSD might present as withdrawal from normal activities as a measure to avoid distressed memories or social reminders of the event. Post-traumatic stress may even display selective memory, or distorted cognitions of the traumatic event. Some PTSD patients present to be extreme pessimists, having negative beliefs about themselves and the worldRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1241 Words   |  5 PagesSiobhan McShea Mrs. Stanley Health April 14, 2014 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Post traumatic stressed disorder is a mental illness caused by an enormous amount of anxiety felt after a traumatic or life-threatening accident or event. This event causes intense feelings of fear and helplessness. Studies have shown that about 5 to 6 million people suffer from PTSD. (Thomas ) About 30% of those people are war veterans. Most war veterans who have served for our country who have PTSD from the warRead MoreEye Movement Desensitization And Reprocessing ( Emdr )1675 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have brought the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on members of the United States Armed Forces to the forefront of concern for researchers, mental health practitioners, and the American society as a whole (Barlow Durand, 2015, p. 155). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 describes the clinical symptoms of PSTD as: intrusion symptoms, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, alterations in arousal andRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder Treatment For War Veterans1564 Words   |  7 Pages Post-traumatic stress disorder treatment for war veterans Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD is a psychiatric disorder that may develop after experiencing or seeing a traumatic or a brutal life threatening event. It is increasingly on the rise in war veterans. For those with PTSD only 53 percent have seen physicians or a mental health care provider. And for those who sought out care, roughly only 50 percent received adequate treatment when returning from combat. Although there are many treatmentsRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )989 Words   |  4 Pages Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Sarah Batson Eastern Florida State College, Melbourne CLP 2140 03M Abstract In today s society, it has become prevalent that the amount of individuals suffering from mental illnesses is rapidly increasing. This paper will focus on one of the disorders associated with mental illness – Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. The introduction will define and describe the disorder, and the following paragraphs will discuss causes, symptoms, target populationsRead MoreDialectical Behavior Therapy : An Evidence Based Treatment For Borderline Personality Disorder1141 Words   |  5 Pagesbehavior therapy (DBT) is an evidence-based treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD) and PTSD (Cukor, 2009). The therapy focuses on a balance between change and acceptance. DBT is combined with individual psychotherapy and building skills groups to regulate emotion, mindfulness and distress tolerance. There are two stages associated with DBT. The first entails the use of DBT for individuals with BPD with significant trauma histories and PTSD (Welch Rothbaum, 2007). Pat ients who haveRead MoreEssay On Ptsd1358 Words   |  6 PagesFor this assignment, I have chosen to create a mock session for a person who is expressing symptoms of PTSD. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder) is a mental health problem which some develop after experiencing or witnessing a terrifying incident. Flashbacks, nightmares, severe anxiety, and uncontrollable thoughts about the event are just a few of the symptoms occurring in those suffering from PTSD. These symptoms go away for most individuals;Read MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder â€Å"PTSD is a disorder that develops in certain people who have experienced a shocking, traumatic, or dangerous event† (National Institute of Mental Health). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has always existed, PTSD was once considered a psychological condition of combat veterans who were â€Å"shocked† by and unable to face their experiences on the battlefield. Much of the general public and many mental health professionals doubted whether PTSD was a true disorder (NIMH)

Essay about Sociological Perspectives of the Film Erin...

In the film Erin Brockovich, several different social theories can be related to the storyline of the film. Although different, theories from Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim, and Max Weber can all adequately describe what happens in the film. The film is about a small law firm that takes on an extremely powerful organization, PG amp; E (Pacific Gas amp; Electric), on the account that they were knowingly polluting Hinkley, California’s water supply and harming the citizens. From Karl Marx, the film can be explained through his base-superstructure model of society, with PG amp; E serving as the powerful base, and the rest of society in Hinkley, CA serving as the superstructure. From Emile Durkheim, this movie can be portrayed through his†¦show more content†¦In Marx’s base-superstructure model, he also uses English factor acts as an example of the powerful avoiding the law. In this example, the English passed laws in an attempt to improve working conditions for factory workers. However, Marx argued that the workers still lost, because the capitalists avoided these regulations and as a result of the factory acts the worker’s days actually became much worse. This example also relates to the film in the way that PG amp; E appears to care of Hinkley’s population, yet leaving them with lethal diseases. When many of Hinkley’s citizens start getting sick, PG amp; E appears to save the day by paying for doctor visits for many families. However, while these families did not have to pay for the initial doctor visits, they were being lied to by doctors paid off by PG amp; E. While it appeared that PG amp; E was helping them they were in turn worse off because they became more and more sick and left with massive medical bills that PG amp; E claimed not to be responsible for. So just as in the factory acts, the citizens still lost. PG amp; E avoided regulation because they were more powerful than the government itself. The film relates to Emile Durkheim’s evolutionary theory in the ways that Erin and the rest of the society in the film evolved throughout the movie just as in Durkheim’s theory. My analysis will focus mainly on Erin, becauseShow MoreRelatedMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesprovoked useful insights, but newer case possibilities are ever contesting for inclusion. Examples of good and bad handling of problems and opportunities are forever emerging. But sometimes we bring back an oldie, and with updating, gain a new perspective. For new users, I hope the book will meet your full expectations and be an effective instructional tool. Although case books abound, you and your students may find this somewhat unique and very readable, a book that can help transform dry and

Business Sustainability Eagle Valley Health Foods Company

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Sustainabilityfor Eagle Valley Health Foods Company. Answer: Introduction In this research paper, the researchers make a research on the business stability of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company. This Eagle Valley Health Foods Company is situated in Australia. It is basically a food base company which produces organic and healthy snacks bar which are generally made by cereals and dry fruits. The Eagle Valley Health Foods Company, for the first 3 years has operated their company throughout Adelaide, which is located in South Australia. However, after three years of business now they start to gain the little amount of profit because nowadays the public is conscious about healthy foods (Aggerholm and Trapp, 2014). According to the case study, Mr. Martin Clifton, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company, wants to develop their company profile by improving their corporate business activities and by engaging their focus on the corporate business sustainability. According to Mr. Martin Clifton, the corporate business sustainability hel ps the company to gain a good reputation in future also. For these reasons, Mr. Martin Clifton, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company, wants a professional advice or consult from a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) consultant to put into practice the activities related to the corporate business sustainability and to include the initiatives which are related to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) within their organization (Eagle et al., 2015). The CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company, always try to maintain and give value to the economic factors, ecological factors and the factors which are related to the cultural health of their community. For these reasons, the CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company tries to make an efficient effort to involve involving their employees and business partners to learn their surrounding environment very well (White, 2016). By the help of this research study, the researchers came to know about some issues of the Eagle Valley Health Foods Company which have happened at the time of performing the activities related to the Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR). Findings Discussions According to the research study, the researchers found that Mr. Martin Clifton wants a professional advice or consult from a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) consultant to put into practice the activities related to the corporate business sustainability. In last few years, the Eagle Valley Health Foods Company faces a lot of issues or problems related to the re-utilization of the package materials which hampers their environment and cause the hazard. For this reason, Mr. Martin Clifton engages his entire focus on the development of the packaging activities of their products (Falck, 2016). Recently, the Eagle Valley Health Foods Company start to packet their food products by a material named as polypropylene. According to the case study, Mr. Martin Clifton, the CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company accept this sustainable method to improve their packaging activities which are really needed by the company for achieving a good position within their target market and also want to supply the products which are more friendly to their environment and community (Jespersen and Huffman, 2014). The challenge which is taken by the CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company regarding the change of design of packaging give an effective outcome by maintaining a good balance between the packaging activities and the products of that company to achieve success within their target market and also maintain the environmental issues (Gaudion, 2016). The researchers also found that due to the environmental acidification and eutrophication process, the packages of their products have shown low impacts on their environment. Various types of new tools and types of machinery are implemented within the company to improve and develop their packaging designs and can able to promote more sustainable and greener package design which has become absolutely environmentally friendly. According to the case study, the researchers also found another issue related to the more consuming of water in their products. The CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company, convey a message that their products that are the healthy snacks bar consume more water and in last 2 years, the rate of consumption of water increases rapidly (Grnman, 2012). The increase in the rate of water consumption causes a hazard in their production. For that reason, the CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company tries to reduce the amount of consumption of water in the possible areas. For this reason, the CEO of the Eagle Valley Health Foods Company also engaged his focus on the factor of reducing the amount of consumption of water. The first approach of the company should be to review the requirement of quality and quantity of water within each and every stage of the manufacturing process (Hrisch, Johnson and Schaltegger, 2014). After reviewing the estimation which has an entire focus on the minimization of the consumption of water, the company identified several opportunities with the help of which they can c apture and reuse the water in their other possible areas. By the help of these activities, the CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company can able to reduce the water level which is taken of the products by 32 percent approximately and also increase the profit level of the company. Conclusion Recommendations According to the research study, the researchers found that the Eagle Valley Health Foods Company faces a lot of environmental issues or problems related to the re-utilization of the package materials. That is why Mr. Martin Clifton keeps his complete focus on the development of the packaging activities of their products. For this reason, they start to make their packages by an environmentally friendly material named, propylene. The CEO of Eagle Valley Health Foods Company also found another issue related to the more consuming of water in their products. For these reasons, the researchers recommend that the CEO of the company should keep reviewing the whole production process on a timely basis. These will help to identify more opportunities by the help of which they can able to develop and improve their entire production process and also become successful to increase the profit amount of the company. Reference Aggerholm, H. and Trapp, N. (2014). Three tiers of CSR: an instructive means of understanding and guiding contemporary company approaches to CSR?.Business Ethics: A European Review, 23(3), pp.235-247. Eagle, L., Low, D., Case, P. and Vandommele, L. (2015). Attitudes of undergraduate business students toward sustainability issues.International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 16(5), pp.650-668. Falck, O. (2016).Corporate social responsibility: Doing well by doing good. [online] Sciencedirect.com. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com [Accessed 21 Nov. 2016]. Gaudion, P. (2016). Focus On Resource Scarcity Promotes Profitability. [online] Parmalat. Available at: https://www.parmalat.com.au [Accessed 21 Nov. 2016]. Grnman, K. (2012).Framework for Sustainable Food Packaging Design. [online] Wileyonlinelibrary.com. Available at: https://www.wileyonlinelibrary.com [Accessed 21 Nov. 2016]. Hrisch, J., Johnson, M. and Schaltegger, S. (2014). Implementation of Sustainability Management and Company Size: A Knowledge-Based View.Business Strategy and the Environment, 24(8), pp.765-779. Jespersen, L. and Huffman, R. (2014). Building food safety into the company culture: a look at Maple Leaf Foods.Perspectives in Public Health, 134(4), pp.200-205. White, T. (2016). Saving Water Makes Us Happy Little Vegemites. [online] Available at: https://www.kraft.com.au [Accessed 21 Nov. 2016].

New Ending For Romeo And Juliet Essays - , Term Papers

New Ending For Romeo And Juliet New Ending Act V, Scene III Verona. A churchyard; the monument of the Capulets. Enter Romeo and Paris. Paris This is that banished haughty Montague, That murdered my love's cousin, with which grief It is supposed that fair creature died, And here is come to do some villainous shame To the dead bodies. I will apprehend him. Stop thy unhallowed toil vile Montague. Can vengance be pursued further than death? Condemned villian, I do apprehend thee. Obey and go with me, for thou must die. Romeo I must indeed, and therefor came I hither, Good gentle youth, tempt not a desperate man For thou nor any man shall prevent me from being with my love tonight, Put not another sin upon my head By urging me to fury. O be gone For I shall know not what I do but rather do what I must A madman's mercy bid thee, run away. Paris I defy thee! For thou hast done my love great injustice. Romeo Her love is mine! Your love she shall never be! [they fight] [Paris is slain] Romeo Forgive me good sir For again, I know not what I do Inside the tomb of Capulet Romeo O Fair Juliet why must thou torture me so For even in death thy beauty is paralleled only by the stars in the sky. O Lord what great injustice hast thou done to thee For my love is gone And no greater crime against me can thou think of. Tis our familes' to blame Not us. For they are blinded by tradition and driven by hatred. O but it matters not. Soon shall I be with thee and soon shall I once again be merry, For to live forth be not true life but hell. Only is life with thee heaven. And alas, A choice have I, Heaven, or Hell? Ha! you must be jest, a question for the fools is this. Heaven is thine choice! Fair Juliet, as this vile poison shall pass through thine lips, I think not of death, but light, of heavenly divine That shall greeteth me once I have gone And her name be Juliet. [Romeo brings poison to his lips] Juliet Halt! Gentle Romeo, the lord call you not. For the death that hast become me, be no more than a mask that I wear Romeo Can it be true? Fair Juliet lives? O thank the lord! A love as great as thine can not be grasped even by Deaths icy hand! For it looks death in the face and laughs! Juliet O Dear love Tis true this occasion is a merry one Yet I fear happiness be here not. Hark, something yonder is astir [enter Friar Laurence] Friar Laurence O Thank the heavens a thousand fold For it twas the worst that I feared for thee Lucky are you the lord be by your side But haste must be made both houses of Capulet and Montague come hither And joining them be none other than Prince. I bid thee, flee from this place of death For this godforsaken city bring thee no justice nor righteousness, Fashioned were the walls of Verona to house the devil's minions And that it does. And so begone or thou shalt meet thy fate! Juliet Dear Friar the lord himself be in you So good a man deserve not be in such a place as you speak of So pray I for thee to one day be amongst men of eqaul greatness And so Farewell good man Pray I our paths will cross in better days [exit Romeo and Juliet] [enter Prince, Capulet, and Montague] Prince Good Friar, Mistaken am I to say you know of the events taken place In this house of death Friar Laurence Before thou can know that of the present Thou shalt learn that of the past Romeo be husband to her Juliet Married them I did, and yet their secret wedding day Was also Tybalt's doomsday. And faithful wife Juliet be was to wed to County Paris And then with incredible sorrow, Thou bid me devise some mean to rid Her of this second marriage Or slay herself immediately say she. A sleeping potion of thine own creation Was to be her relief Though I writ to Romeo biding him to come hither To awake the sleeping Juliet this night, Fail did he to receive it. So upon receiving my own letter back I rushed hither To prevent the worst from occuring. Prince And what be of Romeo now? Capulet And what be of Juliet, her body lay, did she wake? Friar Laurence ?Slain be them both Montague And by who's hand? Friar Laurence Pass Paris's body did you not? Prince We did Friar Laurence As Romeo arrived to see his departed love Followed he was by Paris whom was extremely angered

Airline Industry Analysis Essay Example

Airline Industry Analysis Essay Example Airline Industry Analysis Essay Airline Industry Analysis Essay Real and nominal growth Trends and cyclical variation around trends Hard to find much that is interesting in the macro data. Possible real growth is limited to 2 3% p. A. In the long-run. Add inflation for a possible 5% nominal growth. If costs are going to rise faster, consumption will be constrained. 4. Supply Analysis Degree of concentration who are the rivals, what are market shares? Easy of entry Industry capacity Returns to scale vs. returns to scope all the scheduled airlines are large. The niche players like Porter and North operate in limited markets, either cherry-picked or ones that major airlines cannot service. No such thing as scope in the airline market. There is an overcapacity, shown by the number of airlines that have failed 5. Profitability Supply/demand analysis Cost factors fuel volatile Pricing Discuss the factors that are most important to the profitability of airline industry Perishable inventory 6. International Competition and markets US mainly. Its airlines and Canadian airlines now compete cross-border. Competition lessened by code- sharing deals. E. G. United and Air Canada code share; so if you book with Air Canada, you may fly with either United or Air Canada. Reduces price competition and improves capacity utilization. 7. Porter Five Factor Analysis of the Industry (Assessment using the information from the preceding sections) Names and market shares domestic and foreign Big Jet Boeing and Airbus Smaller size Jets and turboprops Embrace and Bombardier . SOOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) of one company in the industry Strengths Look at the load and yield factors. Must do it, cannot Judge strength otherwise Deep pockets. This industry is so cyclical a company has to be able to ride out a downturn even with the very high fixed costs of the airplanes. Since 1974 some of the most famous names in the airline industry around the world have failed or been forced to merge. This can be a strength or weakness. Service. You make the argument that it matters and how well or badly AC or W] does. Chris believes WAS has much stronger reputation and it is a perceived weakness for AC, but you could find the evidence. AC claims in its annual report that it got more international quality awards than any airline in the world, but such awards are always a bit questionable, in Chrisms opinion. Threats Sustained rise in fuel prices with a simultaneous economic downturn What if American airlines could freely offer domestic flight in Canada High speed rail Montreal-Toronto or Montreal-Windsor Sustained economic recession Chris believes the party is over forever Is video-conferencing a significant threat to business travel

Definitions and Discussions of Redundancy in Language

Definitions and Discussions of Redundancy in Language The term redundancy has more than one meaning. (1) In grammar, redundancy  generally refers to any feature of a language that is not needed in order to identify a linguistic unit. (Features that are not redundant are said to be distinctive.) Adjective: redundant. (2) In generative grammar, redundancy refers to any language feature that can be predicted on the basis of other language features. (3) In common usage, redundancy refers to the repetition of the same idea or item of information within a phrase, clause, or sentence: a pleonasm or tautology. See Examples and Observations below. Also see: 200 Common RedundanciesExercise in Eliminating Deadwood From Our WritingInformation ContentPadding (Composition)Practice in Cutting the ClutterRAS SyndromeRevision Tip: Eliminate the Blah, Blah, Blah Etymology:  From the Latin, overflowing Examples and Observations A sentence of Englishor of any other languagealways has more information than you need to decipher it. This redundancy is easy to see. J-st tr- t- rd th-s s-nt-nc-. The previous sentence was extremely garbled; all the vowel in the message were removed. However, it was still easy to decipher it and extract its meaning. The meaning of a message can remain unchanged even though parts of it are removed. This is the essence of redundancy.(Charles Seife, Decoding the Universe. Penguin, 2007)Thanks to the redundancy of language, yxx cxn xndxrstxnd whxt x xm wrxtxng xvxn xf x rxplxcx xll thx vxwxls wxth xn x (t gts lttl hrdr f y dnt vn kn whr th vwls r). In the comprehension of speech, the redundancy conferred by phonological rules can compensate for some of the ambiguity in the sound wave. For example, a listener can know that thisrip must be this rip and not the srip because the English consonant cluster sr is illegal.(Steven Pinker, The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creates Language. Wi lliam Morrow, 1994) Redundancy can be something as simple as the u that tends to follow a q in English (inherited from Latin), my saying PIN number, or my reciting my phone number twice when leaving you voicemail; or it may be something more complex, such as the harmonious recurrences sewn into a poem. Generally, you need to pick up about three words in ten to get an inkling of what a conversation is about; it is the lack of redundancy in mathematics and its teaching that explains why so much maths bewilders so many people. Redundancy can be rhetorical, but it can also be a practical way of shielding meaning from confusiona safeguard, a reassuring and stabilizing kind of predictability.(Henry Hitchings, The Language Wars. John Murray, 2011)Highly predictable phonetic elements, grammatical markers that all must agree within a sentence, and predictable word-order constraints can help one anticipate what is coming. These are all direct contributors to redundancy.(Terrence Deacon, The Symbolic Species: The Co-Evolution of Language and the Brain. Norton, 1997) Redundancy: Definition #3 Legal writing is legendarily redundant, with time-honored phrases such as these: . . . To avoid needless repetition, apply this rule: if one word swallows the meaning of other words, use that word alone.(Bryan Garner, Legal Writing in Plain English. Univ. of Chicago, 2001)I believe in an America where millions of Americans believe in an America thats the America millions of Americans believe in. Thats the America I love.(Governor Mitt Romney, quoted by Martha Gill in Eight Phrases From the Election Well Probably Never Hear Again. New Statesman, November 7, 2012)Planning your funeral service in advance can offer emotional and financial security for you and your family.(Erlewein Mortuary, Greenfield, Indiana)alienate, transfer, and convey (transfer suffices)due and payable (due suffices)give, devise, and bequeath (give suffices)indemnify and hold harmless (indemnify suffices)last will and testament (will suffices) The Lighter Side of Redundancies First and foremost, I hope and trust that each and every one of you shares my basic and fundamental belief that needlessly repetitive and redundant word pairs are not only troublesome and bothersome but also vexing and irritating. We should, of course, be thankful and grateful, not worried and concerned, when a thoughtful and considerate teacher or editor makes a truly sincere effort to completely eliminate any unnecessary and superfluous words from our written compositions. Put another way, redundancies clog our writing and bore our readers. So lets cut em out. Pronunciation: ri-DUN-dent-see

The problem of corruption in Liberia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The problem of corruption in Liberia - Essay Example At the beginning of 2002, UNHCR assisted the refugees who voluntarily wanted to repatriate to Sierra Leone, and by the end of September, close to 13,000 refugees had been repatriated. UNHCR intends to continue its work in close cooperation with the Liberia Refugee Repatriation and Resettlement Commission (LRRRC), which is the government institution responsible for constructing and implementing programmes for the displaced in Liberia (UNHCR, 2002c; Kamara, 1999b). Many of the studies on the topic of resettlement and repatriation emphasise the security conditions and the importance of guaranteeing protection for the refugees. This seems to be a major concern not only throughout the conflict but also in the postwar period. In late 1992 there were reports of security problems, especially in the northern Lofa County, and as a result UNHCR and NGOs were unable to reach the Sierra Leonean refugees in that area. Moreover, although UNHCR has had a voluntary repatriation plan in place since July 1991, the ongoing fighting has prevented Liberian refugees from returning (Jesuit Refugee Service, 1993:7). According to UNHCR, the security situation improved somewhat in 1993. However, the implementation of the Cotonou agreement, which was argued to be a condition for the return of the refugees, was behind schedule (UNHCR, 1993). Furthermore, in early 1994, UNHCR was asking donors for funds regarding the voluntary repatriation of some 700,000 Liberian refuge es residing in neighbouring countries at that time (Jesuit Refugee Service, 1994). Abdi and Tinstman discuss voluntary repatriation to Liberia, and they too argue that the security situation in Liberia is precarious and that there is a need to ensure that the refugees are protected (Abdi and Tinstman, 1995). Paul Stromberg reports that, in late 1997, the UNHCR shifted its policy of facilitating repatriation to a more active policy of promoting repatriation, but progress has been slow. The problems have been several, for instance, the cross border insurgencies, together with the lack of interest from the international donors which have resulted in lack in funding (Stromberg, 1998). In a paper by Tom Kamara, several aspects concerning returnees and repatriation are discussed. Kamara argues that security issues, as well as the economic environment, make the conditions for repatriation and reintegration difficult (Kamara, 1999b). Along the same lines, Philippa Atkinson has conducted a study of the political and socio-economic conditions facing the Liberian refugees as they returned from neighbouring countries to Liberia. She analyses a number of different factors, including shelter, food aid, income distribution, and employment (Atkinson, 1992). In a more recent study on economic opportunities for those returning home, Rein Dekker studies a group of Ghanaians who moved to Liberia, but due to the war returned to resettle in their home country. The government of Ghana and international agencies were focusing on the Liberian refugees while Ghanaian refugees were left to fend for themselves. However, loan schemes were offered by an NGO, and it is this scheme which Dek ker evaluates in her study. Dekker examines the factors that determined whether the refugees were successful in making use of this economic opportunity and able to repay their loans (Dekker, 1995). Jeff Crisp reports on

Questions Chapter 5 & Chapter 6 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Questions Chapter 5 & Chapter 6 - Assignment Example The companies would adopt globalization strategies when seeking to strengthen their position in the global market by increasing their market share and brand awareness. The process of a firm going global begins with export-import activity, then minimal change in operation or management, then direct overseas investment to be followed by the most involved phase of substantially increasing foreign investment. Therefore, companies globalize so as to benefit from technologies and industries from abroad. These reasons have been categorized as proactive or reactive or both by Pearce and Robinson (2012). Proactive reasons for globalization are the reasons that a company initiates and later on followed by other players in the industry. These reasons include search for additional resources, economies of scale, power and prestige, synergy, attraction by incentives, need for new and expanded markets, protection of home market and to exploit firm-specific advantages. On the other hand, companies c ould be driven by reactive reasons to globalize where a trend set by a competitor would be adopted. The reactive reasons for firms going global include trade barriers, international customer demand, international competition, chance and regulation. In spite of both reasons being practiced in the modern business environment, proactive reasons have been noted to yield more beneficial long-term returns. ... As such, plans to be adopted by the overseas markets would be developed at the home office using procedures and polices similar to those employed in the domestic market. Such firms would therefore have an international division or export department. When the culture of the country where strategy would be implemented dominates the decision making process, a polycentric orientation would be said to have applied. The domineering philosophy would be that the local techniques and personnel would be best suited to deal with the local market. Therefore, each subsidiary established in the overseas markets would operate independently with its own strategies. Thirdly, a regiocentric orientation perceives each region as a different market. It applies where the parent company attempts to blend its predispositions together with those of the region where the strategy would be implemented so as to reach a region-sensitive compromise. Objectives would be negotiated between the headquarters and the r egional headquarters and also between this regional headquarters and its subsidiaries. Finally, a geocentric orientation would adopt an approach of global systems in the process of decision making with the aim of achieving global integration. This perception of the entire world as one market enhances the development of standardized strategies that would project a uniform image for the products of the company and the company itself. 7.) Explain the control problems that are faced by global firms. One of the major problems facing global firms would be the fact that the adopted financial policies aim at furthering the goals and objectives of the

Beowulf the Archetypical Hero Essay Example for Free

Beowulf the Archetypical Hero Essay An archetype as defined by Carl Jung is a universal and innate pattern of behaviors that fit a person or character and define their characteristics and actions. The hero is a popular figure in many stories and is a well-defined archetype. For example the classic or mythical hero like King Arthur, is one who has a mysterious birth of royal lineage, is spirited away as a child, guided on a journey to discover his past, prove his courage, win the princess and become king. Later this archetype loses favor, kingdom and his life but his accomplishments form the foundations for the future. Another is the tragic hero who struggles against a fate predetermined by the gods and ultimately dies frustrated and unfulfilled. Beowulf represents yet another hero archetype, the Germanic hero. The Germanic hero archetype is defined by his great strength and intelligence and similar to the mythic hero, is a great warrior willing to face overwhelming odds and to fight to the death for the honor and safety of his people. Unlike the Mythic hero the struggles are less motivated by individualism and rather driven by a great sense of honor never to be destroyed by selfish activities. Finally the archetypical Germanic hero must also exercise humility and restraint. Like all other hero’s this archetype also dies and with death comes destruction. The story of Beowulf’s life demonstrates the building of his character into the archetypical Germanic hero. The story begins with Beowulf on an epic quest where he will define himself as a powerful and courageous warrior and also one of great honor. When Beowulf arrives at Heorot he meets Hrothgar the ruler of the kingdom and immediately states that he has come to defeat Grendel who has been terrorizing the land for twelve years. Consistent with the archetype of the Germanic hero we are introduced to the knowledge of Beowulf’s great strength. As Hrothgar proclaims Beowulfs merits, he states that he has heard of his awesome strength and declares â€Å"a thane with the strength of thirty in the grip of each hand. † (380-381) The reader is then given the knowledge that the quest is not simply designed to prove Beowulfs great strength and courage but rather to define him as an honorable man not motivated by the selfish desire, but rather a greater desire to act honorably. This is demonstrated by Hrothgar recounting his memory of him as a young boy with his father. The story then departs and tells of how Beowulfs father had killed Heatholaf a member of the Wulfing tribe. Hrothgar had ended what could have been a bloody feud by giving treasure to the Wulfings with the result that Beowulfs father swore allegiance to Hrothgar. Through this lens we understand the Beowulf is not simply here to slay a monster but that there is even deeper meaning to this quest, he his here for the honor of his family, to repay a debt and to honor the allegiance sworn to Hrothgar by his father. Beowulf’s arrival in Heorot also demonstrates Beowulf’s intelligence and self-confidence when his courage and honor are questioned by Unferth who accuses him of losing a swimming race with Breca. Beowulf defends himself by recanting his own side of the story boasting that he was drug down into the sea by a sea monster which he killed and then killed eight others. Even though this is a boast, Beowulf is able to convey the idea that the competition between he and Breca is not one based on personal vanity but rather a respectful match between friends. Beowulf ultimately puts Unferth in his place and defends his honor by telling him that he (Unferth) was a killer of his brothers, and could not have battled the sea monsters because he could not even defeat a single monster such as Grendel. â€Å"You killed your own kith and kin, so for all your cleverness and quick tongue, you will suffer damnation in the depths of hell. The fact is, Unferth, if you were truly as keen or courageous as you claim to be Grendel would never have got away with such unchecked atrocity, attacks on your king, havoc in Heorot and horrors everywhere. † (587-594) This shifting of the focus from being accused of defeat to the public reclaiming of his heroic status while stopping Unferth without further argument defines Beowulfs intelligence and secures his status and heroic reputation with the Danes. The ensuing battle between Beowulf and Grendel further defines this heroic archetype by defining Beowulfs prowess as a warrior and his immense strength. As the battle commences the reader is shown a mighty and powerful monster that not even Beowulfs men could defeat. Beowulf meets the enemy on equal terms, unclad with armor and with no weapon but brute force. Beowulf quickly dismembers Grendel and the monster runs from the Mead Hall to its death. This demonstration of Beowulfs super human strength, agility and warrior powers defines this hero as a godlike figure that is immensely powerful. In the morning when the Danes return and begin to celebrate, Beowulf shows the humility and restraint that is characteristic of this archetype by stating that â€Å"Nevertheless,/ if you could have seen the monster himself/ where he lay beaten, I would have been better pleased. He does not boast of his accomplishments nor does he exercise selfish desire for treasure or power. Even though this battle has defined Beowulf as a mighty and godlike warrior he never attempts to act in anyway to usurp the authority, leadership or power of Hrothgar even though he was not strong enough to defeat Grendel and could easily have tried to take the throne. Although Beowulf has defeated the adversary that he came to kill, Grendels mother is still terrorizing the kingdom, in seek of revenge for her sons death. After Grendels mother returns to the hall and retrieves his arm and claw, Beowulf is offered more treasure and fame to kill Grendels mother. Beowulf could leave and return to Getland having satisfied the debt owed to his father but instead demonstrates devotion to Hrothgar and agrees to battle Grendels mother. The unfaltering courage of the hero is demonstrated by his facing of evil in the â€Å"dismal wood† (1414) and ultimately his plunge into the bottomless lake to battle Grendels mother. After an epic battle Beowulf returns to Heorot with Grendels head. To complete the picture of the hero and end the story of the early life of Beowulf, Hrothgar praises Beowulf after his victory but cautions him on the evils of pride by using the example of a king named Heremod who was not generous and allowed arrogance to destroy him. Taking this to heart Beowulf symbolically casts off arrogance the following day by returning the hilt of a sword given him by Unferth who had initially challenged Beowulf upon his arrival to Heorot. The middle part of Beowulfs life deepens the sense of Beowulf as the Germanic hero. He remains loyal while keeping his ambition in check and continuing to be virtuous in all of his activities. Hygelac is shortly after killed in battle and Beowulf is given the opportunity to take the throne from Heardred as he was viewed as weak â€Å"Both owned land by birth in that country, ancestral grounds; but the greater right and sway were inherited by the higher born. †(2197-2199). But Beowulf declines opting instead to faithfully follow and support Heardred. At some point Heardred is killed and Beowulf assumes the throne legitimately and with honor. He then rules for fifty years during which Beowulf bore himself with valor; he was formidable in battle yet behaved with honour and took no advantage(2177-2179). â€Å"He ruled it well for fifty winters, grew old and wise as warden of the land† (2108-2110). Beowulf has taken to heart the earlier words of Hrothgar and not allowed pride to destroy him thus he has assumed nearly all living aspects of the Germanic hero archetype. The last phase of Beowulfs life completes the final aspects of the Germanic hero. Near the end of Beowulf’s life a dragon is awakened and is terrorizing his kingdom. After the deaths of many of his men he is confronted with a decision as to whether or not he should send a brigade of men to try to stop the dragon or face it himself. Although old and growing weak, in an act of selfless courage to save his kingdom and prove his honor once again, he decides to face the dragon. With the help of his loyal thane Wiglaf, the dragon is defeated but Beowulf is mortally wounded and approaching the end of his life. The final characteristic of the Germanic hero, death and destruction, is symbolized by the destruction to Beowulf’s land wrought by the dragon and the encroaching armies of surrounding nations. Without the hero all that has been gained is lost and destroyed by old enemies that will bring further destruction and loss to what the hero had created, â€Å"Now war is looming/ over our nation, soon it will be known/ to Franks and Frisians, far and wide, / that the king is gone. † (2911-2914). As Beowulf dies what he has created is destroyed and the picture of the Germanic hero is complete. According to Carl Jung the archetype resides in the unconscious mind as a pattern or image. The existence of such a form can only be made visible by finding the pattern in images, art religions or myths. The tale of Beowulf clearly illustrates the archetypal pattern of the Germanic hero. As the story develops the reader sees Beowulf fully develop the characteristics of the Germanic hero. Beowulf begins his life obscurely but matures to be the strongest and bravest of all great warriors, never willing to back down from a battle and always motivated by honor and the need to protect his people. He becomes a great and fair king who is respected by all and treats everyone fairly and with kindness. Ultimately Beowulf faces the final assault on his people and although he triumphs his life is forfeit. With his death comes the end of the hero’s journey and fulfills the Germanic hero archetype.

How OR can Aid the complex problem of Management Decision Making :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

How OR can Aid the complex problem of Management Decision Making How OR can aid Management Decision Making Modern businesses have more need to predict future operations than those of the past do. Managers in large corporations have to summarise and analyse the various data available to them when making decisions. The U.K. OR Society defines the operational research decision-making techniques â€Å"as a scientific model of the system, incorporating measurements of factors such as chance and risk, with which to predict and compare the outcomes of alternative decisions, strategies/ controls.† The purpose of these techniques is to help management determine its policy and action scientifically. ‘The models of OR are symbolic or abstract representations of real life problems.’ Examples of techniques that can be used by managers for use in decision making are for example, forecasting. Statistical forecasting is to an extent, an extension of the prediction of a dependent variable. A reasonably accurate forecast can be extremely valuable for a marketing or production strategy. ‘Time series forecasting attempts to capture the past behaviour of the time series and uses this information to predict future values. No external predictors are considered.’ (Kvanli et al, chapter 17) The types of factors that determine the strengths of forecasting are the time horizon of the forecast; the stationarity of the data and the presence of trend, seasonality or cyclical activity. The accuracy of forecasting can be measured by calculating the MAD, MSE and the MAPE. These are useful for comparing the accuracy of a particular forecasting technique on two different time series. The advantage of forecasting is that there is no need to search for external predictors to explain the behaviour of dependent variables. The main disadvantage is that the observed values can be extremely complex and difficult to work out. Such methods are often hard to sell to managers who may not be able to understand the technique. However as mentioned earlier, if a technique is reasonably accurate, it is invaluable to managers. Networks are another decision-making technique that concerns the planning and the control of specific projects. The aim of networks is to complete the project in the shortest time, using the least resources with the minimum cost. Methods that can be used are CPA (critical path analysis) and PERT (Project Evaluation and Review Technique). The advantages of networks for management decision making are that ‘they provide a logical picture of the layout and sequence of a complex project.

Formal Letter in the Public services Essay

This is a formal letter used to send information out to external parties. This specific letter is used to engage students in an exciting opportunity and potential career option. Letters are used by all in the public services and this letter that I have has been given is used by someone in the armed forces as they need to tell the headteachers about an excellent challenge for their students. Letters like this are used to inform someone about a meeting that will be happing at a certain time and day and where it will be at. In the RAF this would be a normal form of communication that they would use to inform one another of important dates coming up, but in the normal day an e-mail would suffice. Firstly on this letter the name of the Sergeant sending it is highlighted in bold this is so it will get the reader’s attention straight away and the reader will want to continue to read it, it will also show who they need to respond to in order to get the day out for their students and then underneath it states that it is from the RAF so this is letting the person know where the letter has come from and who they are, and then underneath this there is other information about where the letter will be sent off to and who will be getting the letter, this information will let the person that is delivering it know where it has to go to as it has the street name and the post code. Secondly they have information about the person that it has been sent to they use lines to split it up so that they page looks better and the information will be easier to read, Tony splits it up because he does not want the reader to think that there will be lots of information to read through which often puts readers off reading it as they think it is going to be too much, and too much effort. This also would get the readers to view the letter as the reader will think it is important and will want to know the information that he has written in on the letter. Thirdly the information they have put in the other side of the split up box is about if the person would like to write back to them, so if they need more information or just want to ask them something about what they have written in the letter they can contact them on the provided details and use the reference so Tony knows immediately what they are talking about. This information is also given because they will need to reply to say that they would.

Chem Lab – Heat of Combustion of Magnesium

Heat of Combustion of Magnesium Background: The students were given full instructions on how to experimentally determine the enthalpy of reaction (? Hrxn) for the combustion of magnesium ribbon, using Hess’s Law. Data Collection: |Reaction 1 |Reaction 2 | | |(MgO) |(Mg) | | |Trial 1 |Trial 2 |Trial 1 |Trial 2 | |Volume of 1. 00 M HCl |50. 0 mL  ± 0. 5 mL |50. 0 mL  ± 0. 5 mL |50. mL  ± 0. 5 mL |50. 0 mL  ± 0. 5 mL | |Final temperature, t2 |28. 9(C  ± 0. 1(C |28. 8(C  ± 0. 1(C |44. 8(C  ± 0. 1(C |44. 4( C  ± 0. 1(C | |Initial temperature, t1 |22. 5(C  ± 0. 1(C |22. 3( C  ± 0. 1(C |21. 9(C  ± 0. 1(C |21. 8( C  ± 0. 1(C | |Mass of solid |0. 50 g  ± 0. 01g |0. 50 g  ± 0. 01g |0. 25 g  ± 0. 01g |0. 25 g  ± 0. 01g | Data Processing: |Reaction 1 | | |(MgO) | | |Trial 1 |Trial 2 | |Change in |final temperature – initial temperature |final temperature – initial temperature | |temperature, (t |28. (C – 22. 5(C = 6. 4(C |28. 8(C – 22. 3(C = 6. 3(C | | | | | | |Uncertainty of temperature: 0. 1(C + 0. 1(C = 0. 2(C |Uncertainty of temperature: 0. 1(C + 0. 1(C = 0. 2(C | | | | | | |Change in temperature = 6. (C  ± 0. 2(C |Change in temperature = 6. 3(C  ± 0. 2(C | |Heat of HCl |Mass of 1. 0 M HCl [pic] specific heat of HCl [pic] change in |Mass of 1. 0 M HCl [pic] specific heat of HCl [pic] change in | |solution, q |temperature |temperature | | | | | | |To find mass of 1. 0 M HCl : Density of 1. M HCl [pic] volume |To find mass of 1. 0 M HCl : Density of 1. 0M HCl [pic] volume | | |of 1. 0M HCl |of 1. 0M HCl | | |1. 005 [pic] [pic] 50. 0 mL = 50. 3 g |1. 005 [pic] [pic] 50. 0 mL = 50. 3 g | | | | | | |50. 3 g [pic] . 00418 [pic] [pic] 6. 4(C = 1. 3 kJ |50. g [pic] . 00418 [pic] [pic] 6. 3(C = 1. 3 kJ | | | | | | |% Uncertainty of Heat: [(0. 5mL ? 50 mL) + (0. 2(C ? 6. 4(C)] |% Uncertainty of Heat: [(0. 5mL ? 50 mL) + (0. 2(C ? 6. 3(C)] | | |[pic] 100% = 4% |[pic] 100% = 4% | | |Uncertainty of Heat: 4% of 1. 3 kJ = 0. 5 kJ |Uncertainty of Heat: 4% of 1. kJ = 0. 5 kJ | | | | | | |Heat of HCl = 1. 3 kJ  ± 0. 5 kJ |Heat of HCl = 1. 3 kJ  ± 0. 5 kJ | |Enthalpy change,|Enthalpy change of reaction = -heat of HCl solution |Enthalpy change of reaction = -heat of HCl solution | |(H | | | | |Enthalpy of MgO = -1. kJ  ± 0. 5 kJ |Enthalpy of MgO = -1. 3 kJ  ± 0. 5 kJ | |Moles of MgO |Mass of MgO ? molar mass of MgO |Mass of MgO ? molar mass of MgO | | | | | | |0. 50 g MgO ? 40. 30[pic] = 0. 0120 mol |0. 50 g MgO ? 40. 30[pic] = 0. 0120 mol | | |% Uncertainty of moles: (0. 01g ? 0. 0g) [pic] 100% = 2% |% Uncertainty of moles: (0. 01g ? 0. 50g) [pic] 100% = 2% | | |Uncertainty of moles: 2% of 0. 0120 mol = 0. 0002 mol |Uncertainty of moles: 2% of 0. 0120 mol = 0. 0002 mol | | | | | | |Moles of MgO = 0. 0120 mol  ± 0. 0002 mol |Moles of MgO = 0. 0120 mol  ± 0. 0002 mol | |Molar enthalpy |Enthalpy of MgO ? moles of MgO |Enthalpy of MgO ? oles of MgO | |change, (H/m ol | | | | |-1. 3 kJ ? 0. 0120 mol = -110 [pic] |-1. 3 kJ ? 0. 0120 mol = -110 [pic] | | | | | | |% Uncertainty: [(0. 5 kJ ? 1. 3 kJ) + (0. 0002 mol ? 0. 0120 mol)] |% Uncertainty: [(0. 5 kJ ? 1. 3 kJ) + (0. 0002 mol ? 0. 120 mol)] | | |[pic] 100% = 40% |[pic] 100% = 40% | | |Uncertainty: 40% of -110 [pic] = 40 [pic] |Uncertainty: 40% of -110 [pic] = 40 [pic] | | | | | | |Molar enthalpy change = -110 [pic]  ± 40 [pic] |Molar enthalpy change = -110 [pic]  ± 40 [pic] | |Average molar |(molar enthalpy change of Trial 1 + molar enthalpy change of Trial 2) ? | |enthalpy change |( -110 [pic] + -110 [pic] ) ? 2 = -110 [pic] | | | | | |Uncertainty: (40 [pic] + 40 [pic] ) ? 2 = 40 [pic] | | | | | |Average molar enthalpy change = -110 [pic]  ± 40 [pic] | |Reaction 2 | | |(Mg) | | |Trial 1 |Trial 2 | |Change in |final temperature – initial temperature |final temperature – initial temperature | |temperature, (t |44. 8(C – 21. 9(C = 22. 9(C |44. 4(C  œ 21. 8(C = 22. (C | | | | | | |Uncertainty of temperature: 0. 1(C + 0. 1(C = 0. 2(C |Uncertainty of temperature: 0. 1(C + 0. 1(C = 0. 2(C | | | | | | |Change in temperature = 22. 9(C  ± 0. 2(C |Change in temperature = 22. 6(C  ± 0. 2(C | |Heat of HCl |Mass of 1. M HCl [pic] specific heat of HCl [pic] change in |Mass of 1. 0 M HCl [pic] specific heat of HCl [pic] change in | |solution, q |temperature |temperature | | | | | | |To find mass of 1. 0 M HCl : Density of 1. 0M HCl [pic] volume |To find mass of 1. 0 M HCl : Density of 1. 0M HCl [pic] volume | | |of 1. 0M HCl |of 1. M HCl | | |1. 005 [pic] [pic] 50. 0 mL = 50. 3 g |1. 005 [pic] [pic] 50. 0 mL = 50. 3 g | | | | | | |50. 3 g [pic] . 00418 [pic] [pic] 22. 9(C = 4. 81 kJ |50. 3 g [pic] . 00418 [pic] [pic] 22. 6(C = 4. 75 kJ | | | | | | |% Uncertainty of Heat: [(0. 5mL ? 0 mL) + (0. 2(C ? 22. 9(C)] |% Uncertainty of Heat: [(0. 5mL ? 50 mL) + (0. 2(C ? 22. 6(C)] | | |[pic] 100% = 1. 9% |[pic] 100% = 1. 9% | | |Unc ertainty of Heat: 1. 9% of 4. 81 kJ = 0. 09 kJ |Uncertainty of Heat: 1. 9% of 4. 75 kJ = 0. 09 kJ | | | | | | |Heat of HCl = 4. 81 kJ  ± 0. 09 kJ |Heat of HCl = 4. 75 kJ  ± 0. 9 kJ | |Enthalpy change,|Enthalpy change of reaction = -heat of HCl solution |Enthalpy change of reaction = -heat of HCl solution | |(H | | | | |Enthalpy of Mg = -4. 81 kJ  ± 0. 09 kJ |Enthalpy of Mg = -4. 75 kJ  ± 0. 09 kJ | |Moles of Mg |Mass of Mg ? molar mass of Mg |Mass of Mg ? molar mass of Mg | | | | | | |0. 25 g ? 24. 30[pic] = 0. 010 mol |0. 25 g ? 24. 30[pic] = 0. 10 mol | | |% Uncertainty of moles: (0. 01g ? 0. 25g) [pic] 100% = 4% |% Uncertainty of moles: (0. 01g ? 0. 25g) [pic] 100% = 4% | | |Uncertainty of moles: 4% of 0. 0100 mol = 0. 0004 mol |Uncertainty of moles: 4% of 0. 0100 mol = 0. 0004 mol | | | | | | |Moles of Mg = 0. 0100  ± 0. 0004 mol |Moles of Mg = 0. 0100  ± 0. 0004 mol | |Molar enthalpy |Enthalpy of Mg ? oles of Mg |Enthalpy of Mg ? moles of Mg | |change, (H/mo l | | | | |-4. 81kJ ? 0. 0100 mol = -481 [pic] |-4. 75 kJ ? 0. 0100 mol = – 475[pic] | | | | | | |% Uncertainty: [(0. 09 kJ ? 4. 81 kJ) + (0. 0004 mol ? 0. 0100 |% Uncertainty: [(0. 09 kJ ? 4. 75 kJ) + (0. 0004 mol ? 0. 100 | | |mol)] [pic] 100% = 6% |mol)] [pic] 100% = 6% | | |Uncertainty: 6% of -481 [pic] = 29 [pic] |Uncertainty: 6% of -475 [pic] = 29 [pic] | | | | | | |Molar enthalpy change = -481 [pic]  ± 29 [pic] |Molar enthalpy change = -475 [pic]  ± 29 [pic] | |Average molar |(molar enthalpy change of Trial 1 + molar enthalpy change of Trial 2) ? | |enthalpy change |(-481 [pic] + -475 [pic] ) ? 2 = -478 [pic] | | | | | |Uncertainty: (29 [pic] + 29 [pic] ) ? 2 = 29 [pic] | | | | | |Average molar enthalpy change = -478 [pic]  ± 29 [pic] |

Pond Ecosystem Report

Pond Ecosystem Report Free Online Research Papers The experimental pond ecosystem was polluted with oil to see what the effects would be. Every week our team added three drops of Pennzoil 5w/30 to our experimental pond ecosystem. We took a count of living organisms from our control and experimental groups at two different levels to see what effect the oil had on them. The results were dramatic on the upper level of our experimental pond ecosystem. Many if not most of the living organisms were destroyed, while the lower level was somewhat less impacted. The experimental pond ecosystem showed that pollution by oil is mainly limited to the upper portion of the ecosystem itself. The cause for this unusual circumstance is because of the hydrophobic property of the oil. Introduction: The ideas of pollution in our ponds and lakes are all to real in this day and age. Even in Alaska our streams and lakes are polluted to some degree. The Alaska Department of Natural Resources (2007) has reported that fecal coli-form bacteria, sediment, and petroleum products are the primary source of pollutants of the surface waters in Alaska. With man made natural disasters such as the oil spill of the Exxon Valdez in 1989, our environment has sustained major damage. This accident alone killed many animals and destroyed the natural ecosystem of the region. Greenpeace (2001) has reported that 250,000 to 500,000 sea animals died immediately, not to mention billions of salmon and herring eggs. The effects of the spill are still being felt with lower birth rates and stunted growth of nearly all of the animals impacted. The University of North Carolina (2002) has found that the effects of the Exxon Valdez oil spill are lasting longer than expected. The team estimates that some shoreline habitats may take another thirty years to recover. Before we go any further we should learn a little about what a pond ecosystem is. According to Wikipedia (2006), a pond ecosystem is a specific type of fresh water ecosystem that is largely based on autotroph algae which provide the base trophic level for all life in the area. The largest predator in a pond ecosystem will normally be a fish and in between ranges smaller insects and microorganisms. It may have a scale of organisms from small bacteria to larger creatures. Aquatic ecosystems perform many important environmental functions. For example, they recycle nutrients, purify water, ease flooding, and provide habitats for wildlife. Mini Pond (2004) reports that a pond ecosystem degrades when the ecosystem’s ability to absorb stress has been exceeded. A stress on these ecosystems can be the result of physical, chemical, or biological alterations to the environment. Usually in the pond ecosystem there are two types of organisms. The first is called Autotrophic. These organisms are the producers that generate organic compounds from inorganic material. Algae use solar energy to generate biomass from carbon dioxide and are the most important autotrophic organisms in an aquatic environment. The second type of organism is referred to as Heterotrophic. These are the organisms that consume autotrophic organisms and use the organic compounds in their bodies as an energy source. Our group thought it would be interesting as well as educational to see first hand what the effects of motor oil in a pond ecosystem would have. We believe that the motor oil will have a detrimental effect on the pond ecosystem. We also believe that the upper levels consisting of the algae and Cyan bacteria will be most affected since they are near the top and oil has hydrophobic relationship with water. We do not believe that the organisms in the lower portions of the ecosystem will be impacted as much because the oil will have a harder time reaching them. We also believe that given enough time that the ecosystem as a whole will die due to the lack of algae. Materials and Methods: The material we used in this experiment consists of living organisms and their food stuff. First, I will list the organisms, followed by the amount of food. We used half a pipette for the living organisms and the five milliliter rule for the food. They are as follows. Gloetrichia, Oscillatoria, Anabaena, Chilonas, Paramecium Caudatum, Stentor, and a few drops of Amoeba. The addition of food is as follows; 5g Mgso4 solution, 15g KH2PO4 solution, 10g K2HPO4 solution, 2.5g NaCI solution, 2.5g NaNO3 solution and 2.5g CaCI solution. These materials were added to two separate two liter glass containers filled with purified water and a measured scoop of dirt and gravel respectively. We then labeled each of the two glass jars, one control and the other experiment. During the four week period we introduced Pennzoil 5w/30 to our experimental group once a week using three drops from a dropper. We were careful not to disturb the water as we put the oil in because we did not want the oil to mix, but instead stay on top of the ecosystem. After our first week, we started collecting data from our pond ecosystem. We did this by taking samples with a dropper from the upper and lower regions of the control and the experimental groups. We made wet mount slides of each region and looked at them with the microscopes provided by the laboratory. The process we did for counting the organisms was a simple yet affective approach. We used the field of view approach that is noted in our Introductory Biology Lab book (2007). The book states that you have one field of view per slide. Within this field of view there are five points of interest; top left, top right, middle, bottom left, and bottom right. With the microscope set at 45X, we went to each of the points of interest and did a count of all living organisms. We did this weekly for the control group as well as the experimental group. Results: The results of our pond ecosystem experiment did produce some unusual findings. This may be the direct result of contamination that happened during the first week or to other factors that are unknown. The first graph reveals the results of counting the top layer of the control group. As you can see the Chilomonas were very productive after one week of being in the ecosystem. Likewise, the Amoeba’s were proficient in the second week. By the end of the fourth week all organisms excluding the Oscillatoria had declined. The next slide shows the four week results of the bottom level of the control group. All of the organisms in this group seemed to enjoy a steady increase of offspring. The counts during the fourth week indicate that the Paramecium’s were having a population explosion. The next sets of graphs are from the experimental group. If you remember our experimental ecosystem had 3 drops of oil introduced each week after the first week. As you can see the Oscillatoria and Chilomonas seem to have had a strong growth in population, but by week three everything seemed to be dead or greatly reduced. The last graph shows the bottom count for the experimental ecosystem. As you can see, there was dramatic growth in the second week by the Chilomonas as well as the Oscillatoria. This may be due in fact to an incident of contamination that we will discuss later. By the third week, everything seems to have returned to normal except for the rapid growth of the Stentor group. Discussion: Now that the experiment is over I would like to discuss some of the findings our group came up with. By looking at the graph for the experimental upper level versus the control upper level, one can clearly see that the oil had a negative effect on all of the living organisms in this region. Likewise, the experimental bottom level compared to the control bottom level shows a somewhat lesser amount of organisms. This could be caused by two factors, either the oil was penetrating to the lower level or the organisms were running out of food to consume due to the pollution of the oil on the surface of the ecosystem. Either way, it is clear that oil in the pond ecosystem has an overall effect of pollution causing death. One factor that may explain the substantial rise of organisms in our experimental ecosystem during the second week, was the inadvertent addition of Tetra Fauna Reptoman fish food on October 12, 2007 by a participant in another study. The contents of the fish food are as follows: 42.5% crude protein, 8.5% crude fat, 2% fiber, 8% moisture, 1.8% phosphorus, 25mg calcium and 100mg ascorbic acid. One can tell by comparing the charts from the control and experimental groups that the fish food had a rather dramatic effect on some of the organisms causing a population burst of sorts. In the end, the growth spurt was short lived and the oil had an even more profound effect on the experimental ecosystem. After some debate by my colleagues and me we came to the conclusion that our experimental design should have included the mixing of the oil with the water in the experimental ecosystem. We feel that this would be more representative of what would happen in the natural world. I believe this experiment, even with the introduction of the fish food, was a success. The data clearly shows that the introduction of the motor oil had a detrimental effect on the microorganisms that lived in our experimental group, more so on the upper level than the lower level. I would have to conclude that our original hypothesis was correct. : Alaska Department of natural Resources, division of mining, land and water. (2007). Retrieved on 10/05/2007, from http://dnr.state.ak.us. Greenpeace, The Exxon Valdez oil spill fifteen years later. (2004) Retrieved on 10/22/2007, from greenpeace.org. Mini-Ponds. To investigate diversity in a pond water ecosystem. (2004). Retrieved on 10/15/2007, from science-class.net. University of Anchorage Alaska, (2007). Introductory Biology lab book, wet mount micro-slide. Pg. PE4. Wikipedia. (2004) Aquatic Organisms. Retrieved on 11/25/2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_ecosystem. Research Papers on Pond Ecosystem ReportGenetic EngineeringBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Spring and AutumnDefinition of Export QuotasResearch Process Part OnePETSTEL analysis of IndiaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

French Terms Related to Movies and Film Festivals

French Terms Related to Movies and Film Festivals Whether you love attending film festivals, watching movies, or just reading reviews, youll want to learn some French vocabulary related to movies.le film - film, moviele cinà ©ma - movie theaterle Festival de Cannes - Cannes Film Festivalla Croisette - little cross, promenade which is the center of activity during the festivalla sà ©lection officielle - official festival selectionUn certain regard - Cannes category for particularly innovative filmsla Palme dOr - golden palm, highest award given at Cannes Genres la comà ©die - comedyle documentaire - documentaryle drame - dramale film daction - action moviele film daventures - adventurele film dà ©pouvante - horrorla science-fiction - science fictionle western - western Acteurs - Cast un acteur - actorune actrice - actressla distribution - cast listle / la figurant / figurante - extralinterprà ¨te (m or f) - actor/actressle premier rà ´le - male lead, leading actorle premier rà ´le fà ©minin - female lead, leading actressle second rà ´le - supporting actorle second rà ´le fà ©minin - supporting actressla silhouette - walk-on part/rolela vedette - star Équipe -  Crew le / la bruiteur / bruiteuse - sound-effects engineerle camà ©raman, cadreur - camera operatorle / la cinà ©aste - director, film-makerle / la coiffeur / coiffeuse - hair stylistle / la dà ©corateur / dà ©coratrice - designerle directeur de la photo(graphie) - cinematographer, director of photographyle / la maquilleur / maquilleuse - make-up artistle metteur en scà ¨ne - directorle / la monteur / monteuse - editorle preneur de son - sound engineer, sound recorderle / la producteur / productrice - producerle producteur exà ©cutif - executive producerla productrice exà ©cutivele / la rà ©alisateur / rà ©alisatrice - directorle rà ©gisseur - line producer, assistant directorle scà ©nariste - screenwriter Scà ¨nes et Plans -  Scenes and Shots larrà ªt sur image - freeze framele cadre - framedans le champ - in shoten dà ©cor, studio - on seten extà ©rieur - on locationle fondu - dissolve, fadehors champ - off-camerale panoramique - panningun plan rapprochà © / serrà © - close uple raccord - continuity Verbes - Verbs bruiter - to add sound effectscadrer - to frame a shotcouper - to cutdiriger - to directinterprà ©ter - to perform, actmonter - to editproduire - to produceprojeter - to project, showtourner (un film, une scà ¨ne) - to film, shoot (a movie, scene) Miscellaneous laffiche - showing, playing, on screenla bande sonore - soundtrackle bruitage - sound effectsle dà ©coupage - story boarddoublà © - dubbedlà ©clairage (m) - lightingle gà ©nà ©rique - credits, theme musicla grue - cranele mà ©trage - lengthle montage - editingle scà ©nario - screenplaysous-titrà © - subtitledle truquage - special effectsVF - version franà §aise (dubbed into French)VO - version originale (in the original language with French subtitles)

Confessionalism or Memoir The Poetry of Anne Sexton, Sylvia Plath, Essay

Confessionalism or Memoir The Poetry of Anne Sexton, Sylvia Plath, Robert Lowell, and Billy Collins - Essay Example The routine is fine for the husband, but the wife feels there could be more to life. The wife thinks: Although she loves her husband, the wife wishes it could be different. The wife even wishes her husband would leave, become a poet, or even die to make her life different. The hardship of an American farmer’s wife is clear. The hard work, lack of appreciation, and expectation of marital duty is clearly making the wife exhausted. The American farmer’s wife is often isolated on acres and acres of land. This isolation breeds the ill will that the wife wished upon the husband. The daughter then goes on to compare her father to a Nazi. She can never please him. The daughter even wanted to kill her father. He died before she could, but she thought about it. The lack of communication due to different languages is a distinct American trait. This is another American trait of describing the hardship of American life on the coast of Nantucket. The necessity of fishing and working on the sea is contrasted by the risk and death caused. The Quakers believe everything is in God’s will. Thus the deaths caused by the sea were divinely ordained. The religion is also a big part of American life. Billy Collins uses the first person in many of his poems. Although the first person is not used in â€Å"Winter Syntax†, a lone man is described on a journey. The journey is described by freezing cold, the desert heat, and finally as â€Å"shivering, draped in sparkling frost, a smile will appear in the beard of icicles† (Collins). The lone man travels the American landscape to complete the journey which is one thought. The whole description of the journey is about having one thought. This poem, unlike the previous three, does not deal with death. All of these poems fall under the term confessionalism. The poems are deep thoughts that take the form of a confession. In â€Å"The

JCB in India Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

JCB in India - Assignment Example Expanding into the emerging markets, such as China and India, would enable the JCB take advantage of the booming construction industry. The strategic rationale adopted by JCB was that it could gain a strategic advantage by focusing on less competitive markets that has high growth potential. JCB estimated that the Indian and Chinese markets were ripe and had huge growth potential in the future. The company could gain a competitive advantage by exploiting the first mover advantage in these markets (Delios & Kulwant, 2012). One of the benefits of being a first mover is the ability of a firm to capture the market ahead of their rivals and establish a powerful brand name and image. JCB would also be able to establish great sales volume and build an effective experience curve in the market ahead of its main rivals. The JCB Company experienced a number of problems the selection of the appropriate expansion strategy. Initially, JCB relied on exporting strategy to serve foreign and international markets. It would manufacture approximately three-thirds of its products in Britain and then export them to other nations in which it served. However, given the high tariff rates on direct exporting, this strategy became uneconomical. The alternative was for JCB to go alone in its operations in India, but this was impossible due to the tough government regulations, which required new companies to enter into joint venture arrangement with the locals. Another problem experienced by JCB was the risk of losing control over its technological expertise, which were its core competence and a major source of its competitive advantage. There were several opportunities for exploitation in the Indian and Chinese markets. Given that these markets were relatively new, less competitive and obviously unexploited, JCB was likely to incur less expansion costs and reap exceedingly from the growth potential (Delios & Kulwant,

The Golden Mean Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Golden Mean - Essay Example May sound surprising, yet it is true that the Golden Mean have always been an essential element of the natural world (Lamb 2011). The appearance of Fibonacci numbers on which the concept of Golden Mean is based, on a regular basis in the works of nature do corroborates the ancient conclusion and belief that nature is based on some predetermined and reoccurring patterns (Lamb 2011). Many ancient monuments like the Pyramids of Giza, the Greek temple in the Acropolis in Athens and many medieval churches had been designed in conformation with the Golden Mean (Knott 2010). In a contemporary context, the United Nations Headquarters building located at New York had been designed in consonance with the concept of Golden Mean (Knott 2010). It was an international committee of architects comprising of influential and renowned architects like Wallace K Harrison, Oscar Niemeyer and Le Corbusier that finalized the design of the United Nations Headquarters building at New York (A View on Cities 20 11). Eventually it was a plan laid out by Le Corbusier, called 23A that was chosen to be the basis for the new building (A View on Cities 2011). In 1950, Le Corbussier published a book named Le modulator, in which he recognized the relevance of the Golden Mean in the contemporary architecture (Knott 2010).

Internal and external influences on business opportunities

Internal and external influences on business opportunities Business is like the blood that flows through our bodies, with out business our lives would be almost impossible. Business plays many different roles in our everyday lives. Most people either own or work for a particular business. Businesses make it possible for the community and even further places such as overseas countries to receive and sell goods and services. A business can be anything that provides goods and services to the community such as corner shops providing customers with goods and sweets and they can also be larger companies such as Nike selling shoes and clothing all over the world. Businesses allow for our economy to grow and become stronger, with out a strong economy a country can not run as smoothly as preferred. One of the main reasons why businesses are so important in our everyday life is due to the fact that businesses provide millions and millions of people with job opportunities. If businesses did not exist people will not be able to work and earn money for e veryday living. There are certain factors that can influence a business. These factors include internal and external influences. Internal influences are influences that a business has some control over, such influences include product, location, management, resource management and business culture. Product influences: These influences affect a large majority of the internal structures and operations of a business. Depending on the types of goods and services the business produces will depend on the internal structure. If the goods being produced require certain equipment, these needs must be catered to so that the business may go on with its production. Each type of business has a different set of product influence, for example a service provider will require less preparation, whilst on the other hand a manufacturer will need more services to produce the goods sold. The size of a business can be determined by the different types of goods and services produced and also the availability of technology. So from this we understand that the amount of goods and services produced by a business depends on the size of the business. Poor productivity can be seen in the article Anger at Vodafone Sydney morning herald, this impacts on the business because Vodafone is providing very poor services to their customers, therefore tempting the customers to switch to another network, taking business away from Vodafone. Location influences: One of the most important factors of a business is the location in which that business is positioned in. The location can either make or break the business. Location is especially important for retail and service oriented businesses, as they need to be seen and recognized by customers. The business owner must take into consideration of where he/she chooses to locate their business The business must be in area with a good image, for eg not a poor suburb, they business must be located in a place were customers are consistently walking past and spotting the shop, for eg in the city. Another important thing is that the business must be convenient towards the customers, so that they may take the time and effort to check the place out, if the business is located in a area which is not convenient the customers may loose interest and go somewhere else. Resource influences: -Basically there are 4 main types of resources available to a business, these include: Human resources Information Resources Physical resources Financial resources Human resources may be considered as the most important resource, for they are the employees that allow for the business to run. Information resources are all the actions in which the business takes to research and learn more about their situation for eg sales reports. Physical resources include all the equipment and tools necessary for running the business. Financial resources are basically what the business depends on to buy and help support their business, for example to buy new machines. Management influences: There is no doubt that over time businesses and the way in which businesses are run have dramatically changed. Management has been a part of business that has been changed in an effective way. In the past there were many levels of management and hierarchy in a business that new ideas and issues had to go through, but now due to many factors such as the pressure of competitiveness from globalisation the way in which businesses are run have been altered. These days there are much fewer levels that new ideas and issues have to go through, this will result in quicker and more efficient decisions that in the long run will allow the business to focus on the way it runs. This allows businesses to adapt quicker and more efficiently to the ever changing needs and wants of consumers because there are fewer managers in which the process of decision making must go through. Business culture: In reality every business has its own type of business culture, these are all the values, beliefs and ideas that are agreed upon by all employees and managers of the business. The culture of a business is shown in the way in which the business acts and performs. Business culture is usually shown in the rules and regulations of a business such as the way staff are expected to dress and behave. Culture has been proven to be a necessary tool that must be used by businesses to achieve the best out of its staff members and customers. Business culture is proven to be important in the video Australias food fight: west farmers vs. Woolworths. Coles have changed their business culture by undergoing management change, which has allowed for a different culture to be applied, and this has proven to be successful as they are now basically ahead of Woolworths. Internal influences have an extraordinary impact on business in Australia. They include every thing from were the business is located to how the business is run. The location of a business basically is essential for the success of the business, depending on were it is located, it must be convenient and visible to customers. If it is not located in a convenient area customers may not be able to get to the business and purchase from it. The management of a business is the way in which the business is run, in order to have a successful business it must be under good management and the necessary actions must be taken when they are called for, for eg if employees are needed to be cut off, due to lack of financial sustainability. So basically it is essential for businesses to be affected by internal influences in a positive way. External influences External influences are factors that a business may have little or no control over, such factors include: Economic, financial, geographical, social, legal, political, institutional, technological, competitive situation and markets influences. Economical influences In Australia and the rest of the world, the economy experiences economic cycles. These cycles include booms and busts (recession). Basically during an economic boom the economy experiences higher levels of employment, they may be so confident in their sales that they may increase the price of items to gain higher profits. Also during booms wages of employees tend to increase as more profit is being made by the business. However the economic cycle does have its down side, such as when the economy is experiencing a recession period. An unfortunate reality of recessions is that employment rates decrease due to the fact that the business is not making enough sale profits to keep their employees. Another effect of recession is that business may not be able to raise the price of their products because people are not purchasing so they may have to even lower prices to continue to compete in the market. The influences of economical factors are shown in the article Petrol prices soar and no r elief in site. Due to the poor economical status prices are raised and customers may not be able to purchase petrol at this price. Another ecomical influence can be seen in the radio article impact of floods on grocery prices 2GB, Sydney, this impacts on the business because all the crops are being destroyed making it impossible to make a profit, with farmers not making profits the economy will suffer and be under pressure. Financial influences Financial influences impact a business in several ways. due to deregulation which is basically the extermination of government regulation in an business, Businesses are now able to improve competitiveness with each other. Even better, now due to globalisation, Australia is now able to trade goods overseas, further more improving the financial sustainability of the country. Geographical influences Geographical influences impact businesses in many ways. Australia is located in the Asia-pacific region, the economical statuss in these surrounding countries are very important in the interest of Australia. Basically if china is doing well, it may be able to trade goods and services with Australia creating an advantage for both countries. Another thing is that a lot of Australian companies are located in the Asia-Pacific region, so the countries must be economically doing well for the Australian companies to survive. Also the demography of the country has a significant influence on businesses, for eg Australia must be run to suit people of all different cultures, ages and sexes. One major demographic impact on Australia is the ageing population, with an ageing population there must be centres and facilities created for elders. Also with people retiring, their jobs will need to be completed by younger people, who may not be as experienced as the retired worker. Globalisation is also an important fact of geographical issues, due to globalisation Australia is not tied down just to trade goods and services throughout Australia, but how ever to do so around the entire world. The impact of globalisation can be seen in the video picking up an Aussie apple, we see that Australia is beginning to import overseas apples to Australia. Social influences Social influences have an sever impact on the success of a business. For eg as time goes on peoples taste in fashion and trends will change. If businesses do not adapt to these changes they may be affected in a very negative way. In order for a business to make a profit they must take into consideration all the new fashions and trends going around. One other major social influence is the influence of of our environment which is basically wearing away day by day, businesses must always consider what is in the best interest of the environment, for eg not giving out plastic bags after a sale. One final issue is the issue of family-work practices, as women give birth they must leave work, and this may result in the business losing an employee, affecting in the production of the business. An example of social influences can be seen in the article Petrol price soars and no relief in site, With the rise of petrol, the people in society may decide that instead of using cars, they can probabl y save money by using public transport or riding a bike to work. Legal influences Businesses can not just do as they please. There are many legal actions that influence businesses and basically tell them what they can or cant do. With more and more laws being passed onto businesses, the business must adapt their company to what the law is telling them to do. Generally the people of a society expect that businesses may run under the rules and guidelines provided by the law. Businesses must be aware of all the laws so that they may not breach them and pay the penalties. Political influences Even though political influences may not be the most affective factors onto a business, they still have a pretty heavy impact. For eg whenever a new election Is held, the new government may introduce new policies. A policy that was introduced in 2000 was the goods and services tax, this was a 10 percent tax on the supply of most goods and services used in Australia, this affected businesses in a way that they had to collect taxes basically on behalf of the government. However deregulation has also been introduced in the picture in the past few decades, this is the removal of government regulation in industry, and this takes pressure off businesses and allows for a greater range of competitiveness. Institutional influences Three institutional influences on business are government, regulatory bodies and trade unions and employer associations. Government: Three levels which are federal, state and local. Federal government deals mainly with issues such as tax, making sure that the taxes are being paid and also things such as how the businesses are running in according to the customs regulations. State governments deal with lower case issues such as workers rights and responsibilities such as OHS requirements and making sure businesses are abiding by the state laws and trade practices Local government deals with issues such the condition of building and making sure of improvements, parking rules and fire regulations Regulatory bodies; These bodies observe and understand the way that businesses deal with certain issues and how the business treats its community and consumers. Examples of regulatory bodies include: the Office of fair trading and the Australian competition and consumer commission. (ACCC) Other institutional influences are Trade unions and Australian stock exchanges, these groups have aims such as improving working conditions and pay rates. Technological influences Technology without a doubt has had probably one of the most affects on businesses. With new technologies being invented and discovered every day this can only help improve productivity and efficiency for businesses. Technology has allowed for robotic machinery to be used in productivity which in the long run cheapens the cost of productivity as no employee or has to be paid. Robots also help to reduce the amount of boring and repetitive jobs that some humans may have to do. Also communication technology has been improving rapidly over the past few years making it even easier to communicate with suppliers and consumers, with out them actually being there. Businesses must strive to use the available technology to the best of their ability so that they may keep up or even be ahead of competitors. Competitive situation influences These influences may be very helpful and useful to both consumers and producers, for eg when two businesses are competing to be the market leader, they will lower costs of their stock to attract customers. As a result they will be making more sales and more importantly a profit. These competitive situations also benefit consumers because with competition in a market there will be a greater range of goods available for consumption, this allows the consumer to get a wider variety of choice when considering the good or service they want. Competitive situations are shown in the video Australias food fight: west farmers VS Woolworths as these companies are competing with each other to get the most customer satisfaction, It also discuss how the affects of globalisation such as Aldi here in Australia also competing amongst the big guns. Another example of competitive situation is shown in the article Anger at Vodafone, with Vodafone giving such poor services, customers will want to change to another network providing greater coverage. External influences have a major impact on our every day lives in Australia, with all the different types of factors such as social and technological influences our lives are affected on a day to day basis. If external influences did not exist we would not be living in a society were goods and services from all around the world are accessible to us for our own usage. External influences can be both positive and /or negative for example, competitiveness in the market allows for a variety of options for consumers to choose from but contrasting the effects of external factors such as geographical issues involving the weather can have a negative affect, for eg flooding in farms or drought seasons. Conclusion As mentioned in the executive summary above, business can be compared to the blood in a living organism, it is essential for our everyday survival and living. Business allows us to live the pleasures and entertaining lives that we live each day. Internal influences summed up can be recognized as influences that a business can control whilst external influences are those factors that the business can not control. Internal influences for eg can be explained as factors that a business can use and apply to help determine the success of their business, such as the location in which they choose to place their business. External can be explained by using the example of a economic recession, this can affect the business in many negative ways such as letting employers go. So summed up we can say that business is essential for everyday living and it can be broken down into two different types, Internal and external, and it can be concluded that they basically determine how the business is run and how successful it will be. The end L

How effective is Dahls use of subtext in his short stories? :: English Literature

How effective is Dahl's use of subtext in his short stories? Subtext is anything that is indirectly communicated to the reader. It can be conveyed in many ways, such as sounds, objects, jokes, colours and temperatures. Subtext expresses a meaning in a subliminal manner. In Roald Dahl's short stories he uses subtext to display the meanings and feelings that are hidden. In 'The Landlady' Dahl uses subtext to convey the true evil behind the landlady's homely exterior. The animals in the boarding house are thought of to be a good feature. 'Animals were usually a good sign in a place like this'. This is ironic because the animals are dead and stuffed. When Billy Weaver first walked into the house he noticed that there was only his coat in the hallway. 'There were no other hats or coats in the hall'. This is subtext because it suggests that the house is empty. Subtext can also be suggested through temperature. All the way through the story, temperature is used subtextually to suggest meanings and feelings. The weather outside was cold. A cold temperature is subtext for death. 'The air was deadly cold and the wind was like a flat blade of ice', this is pathetic fallacy because it is typical horror genre weather. Inside the house heat is used to cover up the coldness of death. 'A bright fire burning' is used to make the house seem warm. The cups of tea are used in the same way. When Billy goes to the house the landlady appears very quickly, 'like a jack-in-the-box'. This indicates that she was waiting for him to arrive. Furthermore it seems as if she has prepared everything for him in advance. In other words she knew the point when he was going to arrive. The landlady says 'we have it all to ourselves'. She also talks about her guests in the past tense. Therefore it is suggested that the guests are no longer there. The landlady is an unconventional monster in this horror story. 'She looked exactly like the mother of one's best school-friend' explains that this woman seemed sweet and familiar to Billy. Her role in the story is reversed when it is revealed that she is in fact a cold killer. The landlady acts very strangely towards Billy, 'her blue eyes travelled slowly all the way down the length of Billy's body'. The landlady's ayes are described as blue. Blue eyes are not usually associated with evil so this makes her seem an irregular villain in the story. The way she looks at him suggests a wicked look but the 'blue eyes' eliminates the evil.

Parts Emporium Case

Case 3 MBA_731 John Burkhart 11/21/12 Parts Emporium EG151: Exhaust Gasket DB032: Drive Belt 1. Total costs for EG151; include ordering costs and holding costs. Compare this to the current system costs. You do no need to include the cost of safety stock for this comparison. Actual cost for this part: $4. 16 Ordering Cost: $20. 00 Holding cost: 20% of inventory investment Units on hand: 0 Units on back order: 11 Units scheduled receipt: 150 Total Cost: $624 + $20 + $125 = $769 2.Total costs for the DB032; include ordering costs and holding costs. Compare this to the current system. You do not need to include the cost of safety stock for this comparison. Actual cost for this part: $4. 27 Ordering Cost: $10. 00 Holding cost: 20% of inventory investment Units on hand: 324 Total Cost: $1,383. 50 + $10 + $277 = $1670. 50 3. Proposed system for EG151; determine both Q and R. 2. 86 x 52 = 149 4. Proposed system for DB032; determine both Q and R. 1. 76 x 52 = 92 5.For EG151 proposed system, calculate the cost of both safety stock and stock outs. Calculate the cost of stock outs for the current system. Does the safety stock pay off?6. For BD032 proposed system, calculate the cost of both safety stock and stock outs. Calculate the cost of stock outs for the current system. Does the safety stock pay off?Resources: Krajewski, L. , Ritzman, L. , & Malhotra, M. (2010). Operations management process and supply chains. (10th ed. ). New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Low birth weight and preterm babies Essay

Low birth weight and preterm babies in United States is increasing. Low birth weight babies are babies who are born with the birth weight of less than 5 lbs. either due to preterm delivery or due to restriction of growth inside the uterus. These low birth weight babies are at increased risk for early death and long-term health and developmental issues than infants born later in pregnancy or at higher birth weights. Not all preterm infants are low birth weight, and vice versa. Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities: Disparities in racial and culture exist with preterm and low birth weight infants. According to child health USA 2010 report, low birth weight infants who were born to non-Hispanic black women were more than the infants born to other racial and ethnic group. The infants born to non- Hispanic black women was 3.0 percent whereas the infants born to non- Hispanic white women was only 1.2 percent. The American Indian was 1.3 percent and the all other races were 1.5 percent with low birth weight infants. Causes for preterm and low birth weight babies: Previous delivery of low birth weight babies or preterm deliveries. Teen of age less than 20 years or advanced maternal age of greater than 35 years. Any maternal health problems such as hypertension, Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD’s). Use of substance abuse during pregnancy such as alcohol, cigarette smoking and cocaine use. Low socio-economic status with no medical insurance, Lack of nutrition at the time of pregnancy. Physical and mental stress during pregnancy. Violence, abuse or exposures to secondhand smoke are some of the causes for preterm and low birth weight infants (Morrin, 2008, p.8). Impact on family and society: Preterm and low birth weight infants possess greater risk not only for the infants, but also for the families and the society as well. The impact of very low-birth-weight infants on the family is long lasting. Preterm  infants born at less than 34 weeks are at high risk for poor outcomes, including chronic health conditions, long-term disability, and death. The loss of a baby can be a devastating experience for a family. Many preterm and low birth weight infants that survive the perinatal period are vulnerable to a host of childhood morbidities such as cerebral palsy, chronic lung disease, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Adolescents born prior to 35 weeks of completed gestation have been shown to have a higher degree of abnormal brain development and cognitive and behavioral problems than adolescents born full-term. These poorer birth outcomes have also been associated with serious health conditions in adulthood, such as cardiovascular disease, Type II diabetes, and hypertension. The financial costs associated with treating preterm labor and delivery is quite high. The parents of low birth weight infants have higher scores for financial burden, familial/social impact, personal strain, and mastery. And they experience more impact when children had a functional handicap or low adaptive developmental quotient (â€Å"APHA: Policy Statement Database†, August 11, 2006). In the society they cause more medical costs due to the length of stay in neonatal intensive care unit. Usually women with poor socio economic conditions, homeless are greatest risk for low birth weight infants and they have no medical insurances. This possesses greater impact on the society because their costs have to be picked up by Medicaid or the hospital system. Regarding community resources, I feel there are enough resources available in the community for preterm infants and their families, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is currently promoting preconception and post conception care as critical to improve the health of the nation. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) to improve outcomes for the mother and her family. New Jersey has lots of support services for pregnant women and women with low birth weight infants, they are, Nutrition programs, food banks, and food stamps Financial assistance for medical care, utilities, and unemployment benefits Organizations for children with special developmental or medical needs Head Start and other educational programs Medical care and insurance resources Counseling services and more (Preemie care, n.d). References: APHA: Policy Statement Database. (August 11, 2006). Retrieved April 15, 2014, from http://www.apha.org/advocacy/policy/policysearch/default.htm?id=1326 Morrin, J. (2008, September). Addressing Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Low Birth weight for Connecticut. Retrieved April 15, 2014, from http://www.ct.gov/dph/lib/dph/family_health/health_disparities_in_lbw_final_report_10_1_08.pdf Preemie Care -RSV (Respiratory syncytial virus) Awareness & Prevention. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.preemiecare.org/supportgroups.htm#NJ Very Low Birth Weight – Child Health USA 2010. (n.d.). Retrieved April 15, 2014, from http://www.mchb.hrsa.gov/chusa10/hstat/hsi/pages/203vlbw.html.